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Why graduate students leave without finishing
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Half of doctoral students are leaving graduate school without finishing. Research has found graduate student possess the academic ability to complete their studies, but systematic issues in the school system have led to distress among students. - photo by Megan McNulty
Why do half of doctoral students leave graduate school without finishing?

Recent research has shown that most graduate students possess the academic ability to complete their studies, but systemic issues in the school system have led to mental distress among many graduate students, according to the Atlantic.

Peterson's, a site that focuses on information about various colleges, noted graduate degrees can be difficult to attain for various reasons, including competitiveness, stress, emotional and financial support and the difficulty of forming a thesis.

You become overly fixated on what your professors think of you, Karen Kelsky, a former professor and academic career coach, told the Atlantic. Paranoia is quite rampant in Ph.D. programs because Ph.D. students can get so isolated and so fixated on whether or not the people in authority (committee members) approve of what they're doing since they have total authority to grant the degree.

Leonard Cassuto, an English professor at Fordham University, wrote for The Chronicle, "Not all graduate students will stay the doctoral course, but more of them should and when half do not, it's our fault."

The Atlantic noted the study "Re-Envisioning the Ph.D." by Jody Nyquist, the former dean of graduate studies at the University of Washington. For the study, Nyquist asked doctoral students about flaws they saw in graduate programs. Most students complained about "a lack of quality mentoring and support from faculty."

The Ph.D. Completion Project, a seven-year, grant-funded project that addresses issues surrounding doctoral completion and attrition, listed mentoring as one of the key factors influencing graduate student outcomes. Program selection, financial support, program environment, research mode of field, and processes and procedures were also listed.

The site mentioned that increasing demand for workers with advanced training is a growing concern for the health and competitiveness of the U.S economy. According to Peterson's, the completion of a graduate degree does not guarantee a higher salary and may increase student debt.

According to the report "The Path Forward: The Future of Graduate Education in The United States," by 2018, 2.5 million jobs are estimated to require advanced degrees. Additionally, the report mentioned that political and economic shifts have emphasized the economic benefits of a highly trained workforce.

The report explained that less than 25 percent of doctoral students complete degrees within five years and as many as 47 percent take a total of seven years for completion.

Although obtaining a graduate degree is a tough and extensive process, it has been proven to come with several benefits. These include career challenges, travel opportunities, research opportunities and higher potential for future promotion, according to Peterson's.
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How to avoid 'sharenting' and other paparazzi parenting habits
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A recent study revealed parents often spend up to two hours staging a single photo of his or her child to post online. - photo by Amy Iverson
Before having kids, some people just dont appreciate their friends baby posts. But after having a child of their own, three fourths of new parents jump right on the parental social media bandwagon. If you have become a member of this group, there are some rules to follow for posting responsibly.

Much of a parents worry is how to teach their children to use social media responsibly. We talk with our kids about privacy, oversharing, and setting restrictions on their devices to keep them safe. But parents themselves need to look in the digital mirror once in a while. Before having children, it doesnt take as much effort to think about what to post online. Its up to us to decide what we share about our own lives. But once you become a parent, there are many questions to think about regarding what is appropriate to post about your kids on social media.

In a recent survey, kids clothing subscription company Mac and Mia surveyed 2000 new parents to find out how they are documenting their kids lives on social media, and what concerns they may have.

First of all, people without children seem to feel a bit differently about the onslaught of baby pictures online than those who are parents. 18 percent of people say before they had kids, they were annoyed by their friends baby posts. But after having children of their own, 73 percent admit they post progress pictures of their little ones every single month.

Not only are new parents letting the world know each time their baby is a month older, but they are posting about their kids every few days or so. Men and women report they post 6-7 times per month about their baby.

And while 70 percent of new parents say the benefit of using social media is how easy it is to help family and friends feel involved, there are some downsides. Here are a few tips to avoid the pitfall of becoming paparazzi parents.

Dont miss the moment

In the Mac and Mia survey, some parents admitted to spending up to two hours to get the perfect shot of their baby. That seems a little extreme. New and old parents alike should be careful about spending so much time taking pictures and videos that they dont enjoy the moment. Years ago, I decided to never live an experience through my phone. A study by Linda Henkel, a psychology professor at Fairfield University in Connecticut, found that when people took pictures of objects in an art museum, they didnt remember the objects as well as if they simply observed them.

This photo-taking impairment effect can happen to parents as well. If we are so consumed by getting the perfect photo, we can miss out on the moment all together, and our memory of it will suffer.

Dont forget about privacy

60 percent of couples say they have discussed rules and boundaries for posting their babys photos, according to the Mac and Mia survey. Even so, men are 34 percent more likely to publish baby posts on public accounts. If parents are concerned about their childrens privacy, keeping photos off of public accounts is a given.

In the Washington Post, Stacey Steinberg, a legal skills professor at the University of Florida, and Bahareh Keith, a Portland pediatrician, wrote that sharing too much information about kids online puts them at risk. They write that all that sharenting can make it easier for data thieves to target out kids for identity theft. Check that your privacy settings are where they should be and never share identifying information like full names and birth dates.

Dont be paparazzi parents

36 percent of parents say they take issue when their childs photo is posted online by someone else. Responsible social media users will always ask permission before posting a photo of another child. But parents should also think about whether their own children will take issue with their own posted photos a few years down the road.

When parents are constantly snapping pictures and throwing them on social media, it can be easy to forget to pause and make sure the post is appropriate. I always use the billboard example with my kids. I ask them to picture whatever they are posting going up on a billboard in our neighborhood. If they are okay with that, then their post is probably fine. Parents should ask themselves this same question when posting about their children. But they should also ask themselves if their child would be OK with this post on a billboard in 15 years. If it would cause embarrassment or humiliation, it might be best to keep it private.

Once children reach an appropriate age, parents should include them in the process of deciding what pictures are OK to post. Researchers at the University of Michigan surveyed 10- to 17-year-olds and found children believe their parents should ask permission more than parents think they should. The kids in the survey said sharing happy family moments, or accomplishments in sports, school and hobbies is fine. But when the post is negative (like when a child is disciplined) or embarrassing (think naked baby pictures or messy hair), kids say to keep it off social media.
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